Saving Inheritance tax

Inheritance tax can be a tricky issue to deal with for most people but it is generally considered a “voluntary tax” as good tax planning can greatly reduce your inheritance tax liability or erase it completely. Assets exceeding the current inheritance tax threshold of £325,000 (for tax year 13/14) are taxed at 40%. That’s basically half of your excess assets going straight to the government and not to your loved ones. This is why inheritance tax can be extremely costly for those who have not done sufficient planning. Fortunately, there are many exemptions and allowances to utilise which would significantly reduce the amount of inheritance tax you have to pay. Here are a few things to consider that can help you save some inheritance tax:-

Make a Will

Making a will allows you to know that your estate is divided exactly as you want it to be when you die. In the absence of a will, people that you wish to benefit from your estate such as an unmarried partner may not be entitled to any share in the event of intestacy.

What is a gift?

A gift is something of value given unconditionally to someone without any reservations. The biggest asset that most people are in possession of is their house. However, giving away your house yet trying to live in it may allow HMRC to invalidate the gift as genuine and apply tax on it.

Give away sooner

Majority of gifts you make are classified as “potentially exempt transfers”.  If you survive more than seven years after making the gift, no inheritance tax is due on that gift. The amount of tax can be reduced depending on how long you lived after making the gift due to taper relief. Gifts made less than three years before death have no reduction in tax. If the gift was made three to four years before death then tax is reduced by 20%. This increases by 20% for every extra year the donor lives up to seven years where the whole amount is exempt. Therefore it can help relief some financial burden on your death estate if you make gifts sooner rather than later.

Allowances to take advantage of

You can give away gifts worth up to £3,000 in total per person every tax year and these gifts will be exempt from inheritance tax when you pass away. Any unused part of this annual allowance can be carried forward to the following year, but if you don’t use it in that year, the carried-over exemption expires. You can also give up to £5,000 to your children when they marry as a wedding gift. Grandparents can give up to £2,500 and others up to £1,000.

Regular Gifting

Regular gifting can dramatically reduce your inheritance tax bill as long as they meet the following criteria: they must be from your income, they must be regular and they must not decrease the standard of living of the donor.

Be generous on birthdays

Gifts under £250 to any recipient per tax year are exempt from inheritance tax. This means that it might be worth giving your boy a big birthday present even if he’s been naughty as it helps reduce the tax bill.

Gifts to charities and political parties are tax-free

It’s good to know that any donations you make to charities or political parties are inheritance tax free at least.

Getting Tax Advice

While it is generally more economical for you to do things by yourself, if you have sizeable assets then seeking professional tax advice is well worth your money. You may end up paying a few hundred pounds to potentially save over hundreds of thousands of pounds. I’m no bargain hunter but that sounds like a good deal to me.

By Wilson Law at Tax Affinity Accountants

Tax Affinity Accountants are experts in Tax and Accountancy. Based in Kingston upon Thames they are considered in the Finance Industry to be the experts in all types of Tax including Inhertance Tax. Helping and supporting business and individual throughout the UK, they regularly help people with their Inhertance tax issues.

For more information visit www.taxaffinity.com. To read more interesting articles like this visit www.taxaffinity.com/blog. Please feel free to comment and share this with your friends.

Sole Trader v Limited Company

A difficult question that the self-employed face is whether to trade as a sole trader/partnership or to trade as a limited company. However, the answer isn’t definitive and is dependent on many factors ranging from the type of business you are running to the type of person you are. Whichever one you choose has different implications for tax, legal and financial responsibilities. The aim of this article is to give you an insight to the advantages and disadvantages in terms of tax purposes of being a sole trader/in a partnership or forming your own limited company. Hopefully it will inform you on the structure most beneficial to you.  

Legality

As a sole trader, you are the business. You have full control and ownership of the business and are able to manage it in any way you like. On the contrary, a limited company is its own legal entity. Instead you serve the company as a director of the company and act as a shareholder. In most cases, you are considered as an employee but this status is not automatically granted in terms of Employment Law, the National Minimum Wage or for Tax Credits.

Tax – Sole Trader

You are subject to income tax on the taxable profits of your business. For the tax year 2013/14, you pay 20% tax on income between £0 - £32,010 and 40% tax on income between £32,010 - £150,000. Income above £150,000 is taxed at 45%. The personal allowance amount for persons aged under 65 is £9,440. You are also required to pay Class 2 & 4 National Insurance contributions (NIC). Class 2 NIC are at a flat rate of £2.70 per week. However, you may not need to pay Class 2 NIC if your earnings are below £5,725 for the whole year. Visit http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/working/intro/class2.htm to see if you may be exempt from paying Class 2 NIC.  Class 4 NIC is calculated based on your profits for the year. For 2013/14, you pay 9% on annual profits between £7,755 and £41,450 and then 2% on any amount over that.  Any trading losses you incur on your business can be offset against other your income to reduce your tax liabilities.

Tax – Limited Company

For a limited company, it pays corporation tax on its taxable profits. Company tax rates are lower than the higher rates of income tax. If you are employed under your company and taking a salary, your earnings from that employment are subject to income tax and Class 1 NIC  due through PAYE (Pay As You Earn). The amount you pay is dependent on your earnings. Shareholders of the company who are on a higher tax bracket may have to pay higher a higher tax rate on any dividend income they receive.  Losses from the company can only be offset against its other income but not against your income as an individual.

What does it all mean?

Now for most people, the above two paragraphs may have been not only been of little help but confused you further. Here is a scenario that will make things easier to understand and hopefully give you enough information to aid you in that important decision.

You have a trading income of £16,000 pre tax and wish to extract all the profits for yourself. As a sole trader, you will be taxed at 20% for any income in excess of your personal allowance. The total tax liability including the Class 2 & 4 NIC amounts approximately to £2,181 (assuming 48 weeks and available personal allowance of £9,440). The tax calculation for a limited company is slightly more complex as you have more flexibility in how you distribute the income. For simplicity sake, you take the minimum annual wage that is not liable for PAYE tax or NIC which is around £7,000.  Company profits under £300,000 are taxed at a rate of 20%. Taxable profits is £9,000 and amounts to a corporation tax liability of £1,800. This leaves £7,200 to be distributed as dividend which is taxed at 10% for income below the earnings threshold of £32,010. The total tax paid equates to £2,520. In this scenario, it is marginally better to see that remaining as a sole trader is more beneficial as you pay much less tax. However, calculations may differ depending on the trading income and how much salary you take. The general idea is that as your trading income increases, its becomes more and more beneficial to trade as a limited company than as a sole trader (40% income tax versus 20% corporation tax).

Just a Final Note

You are better off trading as a sole trader for tax purposes if your annual trading profits are not high. However, many businesses opt to form limited companies for reasons that extend past tax issues. Should the business fail, you will not be personally liable for its debts if you were a limited company. If you plan to sell the business after a few year then limited is again a better choicAlso if you plan to expand the business then getting finance for your business may be easier if you were a limited company. There are many varying circumstances that makes being one more appealing than the other but if you still appear unsure then just contact us and we’ll be sure to offer you tailored expert advice to aid your decision.

By Wilson Law at Tax Affinity Accountants

Tax Affinity Accountants are experts in Tax and Accountancy. Based in Kingston upon Thames they are considered in the Finance Industry to be the small business experts. Helping and supporting business throughout the UK, they regularly help new and established businesses with valuable support.

For more information visit www.taxaffinity.com. To read more interesting articles like this visit www.taxaffinity.com/blog. Please feel free to comment and share this with your friends.